The non-repayable loans, provided under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (KPO), will finance electrolyser installations and related infrastructure, with a minimum capacity of 20MW.

Beneficiaries aiming to produce low-emission hydrogen or in line with the EU’s rules for renewable fuels of non-biological origin (RFNBO).

Polish oil and gas firm Orlen SA will receive the most financial backing with PLN 1.2bn ($293m).

Meanwhile, other recipients included PLN 523m ($128m) for Lotos Green H2, Tauron Inwestycje with PLN 127.8m ($31m), PLN 123m ($30m) for Promet-Plast SC, and Bioagra with PLN 127.6m ($31m).

Specifically, Orlen and Lotos are expected to use the funding to expand electrolyser capacity and integrate hydrogen into their refining and industrial processes.

For Tauron Inwestycje, the project development and investment arm of one of Poland’s largest state-controlled energy groups, Tauron Polska Energia, the funding supports the company’s broader strategy to diversify its energy mix and decarbonise its operations.

Medical device manufacturer Promet-Plast is expanding into hydrogen and energy storage technologies, while Bioagra, Poland’s largest bioethanol producer, will likely advance its low-carbon fuel and clean energy projects.