Hydrogen offtake agreements are drawing heavily from the long-term gas and LNG contracts that shaped global energy trade, but they’re being adapted to avoid previous pitfalls.

New research from the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies has highlighted that while LNG sale and purchase agreements (SPAs) lock offtakers into 20–30-year terms and costly arbitration battles over price reviews, hydrogen SPAs are expected to be shorter, more flexible and shaped by subsidy and certification regimes.

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